Indigenous Languages of Canada and the USA
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Languages_Map ( n = 232)
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North American ( n = 232)
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Amerind ( n = 158)
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Almosan-Keresiouan ( n = 115)
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Algic ( n = 48)
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Algonquian ( n = 46)
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Central Algonquian ( n = 25)
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Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi ( n = 10)
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East Cree ( n = 2)
- Cree, East (Northern)
- Cree, East (Southern)
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Montagnais-Naskapi ( n = 3)
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Montagnais ( n = 2)
- Ilnu-aimun [Montagnais, Western]
- Innu-aimun [Montagnais, Eastern]
- Naskapi
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Montagnais ( n = 2)
- Atikamekw
- Cree, Moose
- Cree, Plains
- Cree, Swampy
- Cree, Woods
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East Cree ( n = 2)
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Fox ( n = 2)
- Kickapoo
- Mesquakie
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Ojibwa ( n = 9)
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Algonquin ( n = 2)
- Algonquin, Maniwaki
- Algonquin, Northern
- Chippewa
- Odawa [Ottawa]
- Oji-Cree [Ojibwa, Severn]
- Ojibwa, Central
- Ojibwa, Eastern
- Ojibwa, Northwestern
- Saulteau [Ojibwa, Western]
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Algonquin ( n = 2)
- Menominee
- Miami
- Potawatomi
- Shawnee
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Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi ( n = 10)
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Eastern Algonquian ( n = 16)
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Abnaki ( n = 2)
- Abnaki, Eastern
- Abnaki, Western
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Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett ( n = 2)
- Mohegan-Pequot
- Narragansett
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Delaware ( n = 2)
- Munsee
- Unami
- Beothuk
- Carolina Algonquian
- Lumbee
- Mahican
- Malecite [Malecite-Passamaquoddy]
- Mi’kmaq [Micmac]
- Nanticoke
- Piscataway
- Powhatan
- Wampanoag
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Abnaki ( n = 2)
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Plains Algonquian ( n = 5)
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Arapahoan ( n = 3)
- Arapaho
- Gros Ventre
- Nawathinehena
- Blackfoot
- Cheyenne
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Arapahoan ( n = 3)
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Central Algonquian ( n = 25)
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Ritwan ( n = 2)
- Wiyot
- Yurok
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Algonquian ( n = 46)
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Mosan ( n = 33)
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Salishan ( n = 26)
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Central Coast Salish ( n = 12)
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Straits ( n = 2)
- Nəxʷsƛ̕ay̓əmúcən [Clallam]
- Salish, North Straits
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Lushootseed ( n = 3)
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Northern Lushootseed ( n = 2)
- Skagit
- Snohomish
- Salish, Southern Puget Sound
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Northern Lushootseed ( n = 2)
- Halkomelem
- Nooksack
- Pəntl’áč [Pentlatch]
- She shashishalhem [Sechelt]
- Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim [Squamish]
- Twana
- Éy7á7juuthem [Comox]
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Straits ( n = 2)
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Interior Salish ( n = 8)
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Northern Interior Salish ( n = 3)
- Nłeʔkepmxcín [Thompson]
- Secwepemctsín [Shuswap]
- St̓át̓imcets [Lillooet]
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Southern Interior Salish ( n = 5)
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Kalispel-Spokane ( n = 2)
- Nqlispélišcn [Kalispel-Pend d’Oreille]
- Spokane
- Coeur d'Alene
- Columbia-Wenatchi
- Nsyilxcən [Okanagan]
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Kalispel-Spokane ( n = 2)
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Northern Interior Salish ( n = 3)
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Tsamosan ( n = 4)
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Tsamosan, Coastal ( n = 2)
- Chehalis, Lower
- Quinault
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Tsamosan, Inland ( n = 2)
- Chehalis, Upper
- Cowlitz
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Tsamosan, Coastal ( n = 2)
- Nuxálk [Bella Coola]
- Tillamook
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Central Coast Salish ( n = 12)
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Wakashan ( n = 7)
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Northern Wakashan ( n = 4)
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Heiltsuk-Oowekyala ( n = 2)
- Hailhzaqvla [Heiltsuk]
- Oowekyala
- Kwak’wala [Kwakiutl]
- X̄a’’islak̓ala [Haisla]
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Heiltsuk-Oowekyala ( n = 2)
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Southern Wakashan ( n = 3)
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Nootkan ( n = 2)
- Diitiidʔaatx̣ [Ditidaht]
- Nuučaan̓uɫ [Nuu-Chah-Nulth]
- Makah
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Nootkan ( n = 2)
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Northern Wakashan ( n = 4)
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Salishan ( n = 26)
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Keresiouan ( n = 33)
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Siouan ( n = 17)
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Siouan Proper ( n = 16)
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Central Siouan ( n = 11)
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Mississippi Valley ( n = 10)
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Sioux-Nakota ( n = 4)
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Sioux ( n = 2)
- Dakota
- Lakota
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Nakota ( n = 2)
- Assiniboine
- Stoney
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Sioux ( n = 2)
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Dhegina ( n = 4)
- Kansa
- Omaha-Ponca
- Osage
- Quapaw
- Chiwere
- Winnebago
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Sioux-Nakota ( n = 4)
- Mandan
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Mississippi Valley ( n = 10)
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Missouri Valley ( n = 2)
- Crow
- Hidatsa
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Southeastern ( n = 3)
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Biloxi-Ofo ( n = 2)
- Biloxi
- Ofo
- Tutelo
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Biloxi-Ofo ( n = 2)
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Central Siouan ( n = 11)
- Catawba
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Siouan Proper ( n = 16)
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Iroquoian ( n = 16)
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Northern Iroquoian ( n = 14)
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Five Nations ( n = 5)
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Mohawk-Oneida ( n = 2)
- Mohawk [Kanien’kéha]
- Oneida [Onʌyota’a:ka]
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Seneca-Cayuga-Onondaga ( n = 3)
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Seneca-Cayuga ( n = 2)
- Cayuga [Goyogo̱hó:nǫ’]
- Seneca [Onötowáka]
- Onondaga [Onǫda’géga’]
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Seneca-Cayuga ( n = 2)
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Mohawk-Oneida ( n = 2)
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Huron-Wendat ( n = 2)
- Wendat [Wendake Huron]
- Wyandot
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Tuscarora-Nottoway ( n = 3)
- Meherrin
- Nottoway
- Tuscarora [Skarù•rę’]
- Erie
- Laurentian [St. Lawrence Iroquoian]
- Neutral
- Wenro
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Five Nations ( n = 5)
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Southern Iroquoian ( n = 1)
- Cherokee
- Susquehannock
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Northern Iroquoian ( n = 14)
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Siouan ( n = 17)
- Ktunaxa [Kutenai]
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Algic ( n = 48)
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Penutian ( n = 43)
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Tsimshianic ( n = 4)
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Nass-Gitksan ( n = 2)
- Gitsenimx̱ [Gitxsan]
- Nisga’a
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Tsimshian ( n = 2)
- Ski:xs [Tsimshian, Southern]
- Sm̓algya̱x [Tsimshian, Coast]
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Nass-Gitksan ( n = 2)
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Chinookan ( n = 2)
- Chinook
- Wasco-Wishram
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Oregon Penutian ( n = 8)
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Coast Oregon ( n = 4)
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Coosan ( n = 2)
- Coos
- Miluk
- Alsean
- Siuslaw
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Coosan ( n = 2)
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Kalapuyan ( n = 3)
- Kalapuyan, Central
- Kalapuyan, Northern
- Kalapuyan, Southern
- Takelma
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Coast Oregon ( n = 4)
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Plateau Penutian ( n = 7)
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Sahaptian ( n = 5)
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Sahaptin ( n = 4)
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Sahaptin, Southern ( n = 2)
- Tenino
- Umatilla
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Sahaptin, Northern ( n = 2)
- Walla Walla
- Yakima
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Sahaptin, Southern ( n = 2)
- Nez Perce
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Sahaptin ( n = 4)
- Klamath-Modoc
- Molale
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Sahaptian ( n = 5)
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California Penutian ( n = 22)
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Wintuan ( n = 3)
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Wintu ( n = 2)
- Nomlaki
- Wintu, Nuclear
- Patwin
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Wintu ( n = 2)
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Maiduan ( n = 4)
- Maidu, Northeast
- Maidu, Northwest
- Maidu, Valley
- Nisenan
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Yok-Utian ( n = 15)
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Utian ( n = 11)
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Miwok-Costanoan ( n = 11)
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Costanoan ( n = 4)
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Northern Costanoan ( n = 2)
- Chalon
- Ohlone, Northern
- Karkin
- Ohlone, Southern
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Northern Costanoan ( n = 2)
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Miwokan ( n = 7)
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Eastern Miwokan ( n = 5)
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Sierra ( n = 3)
- Miwok, Central Sierra
- Miwok, Northern Sierra
- Miwok, Southern Sierra
- Miwok, Bay
- Miwok, Plains
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Sierra ( n = 3)
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Western Miwokan ( n = 2)
- Miwok, Coast
- Miwok, Lake
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Eastern Miwokan ( n = 5)
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Costanoan ( n = 4)
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Miwok-Costanoan ( n = 11)
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Yokutsan ( n = 4)
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Yokuts, General ( n = 3)
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Yokuts, Nim ( n = 2)
- Yokuts
- Yokuts, Tule-Kaweh
- Yokuts, Buena Vista
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Yokuts, Nim ( n = 2)
- Yokuts, Palewyami
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Yokuts, General ( n = 3)
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Utian ( n = 11)
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Wintuan ( n = 3)
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Tsimshianic ( n = 4)
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Almosan-Keresiouan ( n = 115)
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Extended Na-Dene ( n = 51)
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Na-Dene ( n = 49)
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Athapaskan-Eyak ( n = 48)
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Athapaskan ( n = 47)
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Apachean ( n = 6)
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Navajo-Apache ( n = 5)
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Eastern Apache ( n = 3)
- Apache, Jicarilla
- Apache, Lipan
- Apache, Mescalero-Chiricahua
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Western Apache-Navajo ( n = 2)
- Apache, Western
- Navajo
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Eastern Apache ( n = 3)
- Apache, Kiowa
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Navajo-Apache ( n = 5)
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Pacific Coast ( n = 11)
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California ( n = 4)
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Mattole-Wailaki ( n = 3)
- Kato
- Mattole
- Wailaki
- Hupa
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Mattole-Wailaki ( n = 3)
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Oregon ( n = 6)
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Tolowa-Galice ( n = 5)
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Rogue River ( n = 3)
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Lower Rogue River ( n = 2)
- Coquille
- Tututni
- Galice
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Lower Rogue River ( n = 2)
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Chetco-Tolowa ( n = 2)
- Chetco
- Tolowa
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Rogue River ( n = 3)
- Upper Umpqua
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Tolowa-Galice ( n = 5)
- Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai
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California ( n = 4)
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Northern Athapascan ( n = 30)
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Canadian ( n = 15)
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Beaver-Sekani ( n = 2)
- Dane-zaa [Beaver]
- Tse’khene [Sekani]
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Carrier-Chilcotin ( n = 5)
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Babine-Carrier ( n = 4)
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Babine-Witsuwiten ( n = 2)
- Nedut’en [Babine]
- Witsuwit’en
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Carrier ( n = 2)
- Dakelh, Central [Carrier, Central]
- Dakelh, Southern [Carrier, Southern]
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Babine-Witsuwiten ( n = 2)
- Tsilhqot’in [Chilcotin]
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Babine-Carrier ( n = 4)
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Han-Kutchin ( n = 2)
- Gwich’in
- Hän [Han]
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Dene ( n = 4)
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Hare-Slavey ( n = 3)
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Slave ( n = 2)
- Dene-thah [Slavey, South]
- Sahtúot’įnę Yatį́ [Slavey, North]
- Tłįchǫ Yatiì [Dogrib]
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Slave ( n = 2)
- Dëne Sųłiné [Chipewyan]
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Hare-Slavey ( n = 3)
- Nicola
- Tsuut’ina [Sarsi]
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Beaver-Sekani ( n = 2)
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Ingalik-Koyukon ( n = 3)
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Ingalik ( n = 1)
- Degexit’an
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Koyukon-Holikachuk ( n = 2)
- Holikachuk
- Koyukon
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Ingalik ( n = 1)
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Tahltan-Kaska ( n = 3)
- Danezāgé’ [Kaska]
- Tāgizi Dene [Tagish]
- Tāłtān [Tahltan]
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Tanaina-Ahtna ( n = 2)
- Ahtena
- Tanaina
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Tanana-Upper Kuskokwim ( n = 4)
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Tanana ( n = 3)
- Tanacross
- Tanana, Lower
- Tanana, Upper
- Kuskokwim, Upper
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Tanana ( n = 3)
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Tutchone ( n = 2)
- Tutchone, Northern
- Tutchone, Southern
- Wetalh [Tsetsaut]
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Canadian ( n = 15)
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Apachean ( n = 6)
- Eyak
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Athapaskan ( n = 47)
- Łingít [Tlingit]
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Athapaskan-Eyak ( n = 48)
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Haida ( n = 2)
- X̱aad Kil [Haida, Northern]
- X̱aaydaa Kil [Haida, Southern]
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Na-Dene ( n = 49)
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Eskimo-Aleut ( n = 21)
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Eskimo ( n = 19)
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Inuit ( n = 14)
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Inupiatun ( n = 2)
- Inupiatun, North Alaskan
- Inupiatun, Northwest Alaska
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Inuktitut, Eastern Canadian ( n = 8)
- Aivilingmiutut
- Inuktitut (Rigolet)
- Kivallirmiutut
- Natsilingmiutut
- Nunatsiavummiutut
- Nunavimmiutitut
- Qikiqtaaluk nigiani [Baffin, South]
- Qikiqtaaluk uannangani [Baffin, North]
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Inuktitut, Western Canadian ( n = 2)
- Inuinnaqtun
- Siglitun
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Inuktitut, Greenlandic ( n = 2)
- Kalaallisut
- Tunumiisiut
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Inupiatun ( n = 2)
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Yupik ( n = 5)
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Alaskan ( n = 2)
- Yupik, Central
- Yupik, Pacific Gulf
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Siberian ( n = 3)
- Yupik, Central Siberian
- Yupik, Naukan
- Yupik, Sirenik
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Alaskan ( n = 2)
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Inuit ( n = 14)
- Aleut
- Sallirmiutut
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Eskimo ( n = 19)
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Mixed ( n = 2)
- Chinook Wawa
- Michif
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Amerind ( n = 158)
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North American ( n = 232)
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